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Hereford (cattle) is a beef cattle breed, widely used both in intemperate areas and temperate areas, mainly for meat production. Originally from Herefordshire, England, United Kingdom,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Breeds of Livestock - Cattle )〕 more than five million pedigree Hereford cattle now exist in over 50 countries. The Hereford cattle export trade began from United Kingdom in 1817, starting in Kentucky, United States, spreading across the United States and Canada through Mexico to the great beef-raising countries of South America. Today, Hereford cattle dominate the world scene from Australasia to the Russian steppes. They can be found in Israel, Japan and throughout continental Europe and Scandinavia. They are found in the temperate parts of Canada, the United States, Kazakhstan and Russia, as well as the temperate parts of Australia, the centre and east of Argentina, in Uruguay, in Chile and New Zealand, where they make up the largest proportion of registered cattle.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Commercial Beef Cattle in New Zealand )〕 They are found all around Brazil〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Associação Brasileira de Hereford e Braford )〕 and they are also found in some Southern African countries〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= World Hereford Council )〕 (mainly in South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe). They originally found great popularity among ranchers of the American Southwest, testament to the hardiness of the breed; while originating in cool, moist Britain, they have proven to thrive in much harsher climates on nearly every continent. The World Hereford Council〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= World Hereford Council )〕 is based in the United Kingdom; the Secretary General, Mrs. Jan Wills, is from New Zealand. There are currently 17 member countries with 20 Hereford societies and 10 nonmember countries, with a total of eight societies.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Member and Non-Member Countries )〕 ==History== Until the 18th century, the cattle of the Herefordshire area were similar to other cattle of southern England, being wholly red with a white switch, similar to the modern North Devon and Sussex breeds. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, other cattle (mainly Shorthorns) were used to create a new type of draught and beef cattle which at first varied in color, different herds ranging from yellow to grey and light brown, and with varying amounts of white. However, by the end of the 18th century the white face characteristic of the modern breed was well established, and the modern color was established during the 19th century.〔(Trow-Smith, Robert (1959), ''A History of British Livestock Husbandry 1700–1900'', Routledge and Kegan Paul, pp 100–103. )〕 The Hereford is still seen in the Herefordshire countryside today〔http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5709〕 and featured prominently at agricultural shows.〔http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/216192〕〔http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/216196〕〔http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/216200〕 The first imports of Herefords to the United States were around 1817 by the politician Henry Clay, with larger importation of the breed beginning in the 1840s. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hereford (cattle)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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